Breast vs fed. Which is really best?
If you’re reading this, you’re either a mom to be or a new mother wanting to learn what would be the best milk for your little one.
Of course, once we become new parents, we all learn more about the feud between breast is best and fed is best. But which is really best?
We can’t make decisions on what’s best if we don’t have all of the information to compare our options. How can that even be possible? It’s hard to make a decision om what to feed our babies.
Mothers deserve evidence-based information to make a decision that’s best for her, her baby and their family circumstances. You can’t make a choice on what’s the best choice for you if you don’t have all of the facts.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations
“Breastfeeding and human milk are the normative standards for infant feeding and nutrition. The short- and long-term medical and neurodevelopmental advantages of breastfeeding make breastfeeding, or the provision of human milk, a public health imperative. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for approximately 6 months after birth. Furthermore, the AAP supports continued breastfeeding, along with appropriate complementary solid foods introduced at about 6 months, as long as mutually desired by mother and child for 2 years or beyond.” – The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) publications 2022
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations
“WHO and UNICEF recommend that children initiate breastfeeding within the first hour of birth and be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life – meaning no other foods or liquids are provided, including water.
Infants should be breastfed on demand – that is as often as the child wants, day and night. No bottles, teats or pacifiers should be used.
From the age of 6 months, children should begin eating safe and adequate complementary solid foods while continuing to breastfeed for up to two years of age or beyond.” – The World Health Organization (WHO)
Breast is best
When infant formula was just invented, companies quickly saw how profitable it can be. That’s when their aggressive marketing began, some more on the unethical side of things, costing babies’ lives. Do some research on Nestlé’s nasty infant formula history. It was really bad.
This unethical behavior of infant formula companies cost many babies their lives and therefore different movements were put into place to protect and promote breastfeeding, and of course babies.
Breast is best was a campaign started by the World Health Organization (WHO) in order to protect and promote breastfeeding after all the illness and deaths that occurred because of infant formula.
The breast is best campaign was a very noble and a very important campaign. Parents have to know the truth, all of the information without any bias from companies who can make profit off of them.
Parents had and still have the right to know the truth without infant formula companies lying to them. They deserve to know that breastfeeding really is best choice when it’s possible.
The issue is that since then people have really taken the term “breast is best” and instead of using it to educate and promote breastfeeding, turned it into a weapon. Some use it to “promote” breastfeeding in a very hurtful and harmful way, others use it to shame other parents who can’t or won’t breastfeed.
Why I don’t like the breast is best term
People now often use this term as a weapon, to attack, judge and shame mothers who chose not to breastfeed.
You see, some mothers can’t breastfeed even if they wanted to. Whether it’s due to medical issues, unsafe medication use, anatomical or health issues in either mother or baby or little to no milk supply.
Some mothers may be able to breastfeed but chose not to due to past trauma. Some women may have been sexually abused and are very much triggered by the act of breastfeeding.
Some women are currently in abusive relationships, where the abusive partners are often jealous or disgusted by the act of breastfeeding. Putting the mother and the child’s life at risk.
Some mothers could’ve and wanted to breastfeed, but due to a lack of correct information and support, was unable to continue a successful breastfeeding journey. This is to no fault of their own, it’s the health system that failed them.
There are so many instances where women can’t or couldn’t breastfeed, even when they put in all they could.
Imagine how hurtful it must be to constantly hear the words “breast is best”, stabbing like a knife in the heart, especially when used with bad intentions. How incredibly painful it must be to hear that you couldn’t give your baby the best, even though you may have really wanted to.
Not so nice, is it?
Some women choose not to breastfeed at all, and although I often wish they would at least consider it, I also understand and respect their choices. Because it’s not for me to decide, it’s for them. Infant formula may be the best option for them, for whatever reason that may be.
No one wants to hear that they’re doing harm to their baby, or that they’re not giving their baby the absolute best. Especially if it wasn’t their choice to begin with.
Rather educate and empower mothers and parents and steer them in the direction of the right information and support and let them choose what’s best for them and their baby.
Saying breast is best is not helpful or respectful in any way, no matter how true it may be. Rather be helpful and help inform and educate parents respectfully, steer them in the right direction, let them know where to seek trustworthy information and support, should they want it.
Often when we educate with respect and kindness, those very parents will want to seek more information on what we’re educating about.
Now that’s much more helpful that just saying “breast is best”, isn’t it?
Fed is best
Fed is best is a term and campaign that was started by the founder of the fed is best organization.
Although the “fed is best” campaign was also a noble idea to help encourage and empower mothers who had to feed their babies infant formula for whatever reason, it’s also not the best or most useful term to use.
You see, the fed is best term dismisses breastfeeding and its benefits and importance completely, pretending that it doesn’t matter. But it does matter. Parents deserve the information on breastfeeding and what it offers them and their babies.
Telling a breastfeeding mother who’s struggling, it’s fine to quit, fed is best. Is not helpful at all. Moms can struggle and still want to continue breastfeeding. Rather point her in the right direction to seek the support that she wants and needs to achieve her goals, whatever her goals may be.
It takes away from moms who breastfeed and feel empowered and proud of their achievements, often being slammed with fed is best, as if her breastfeeding her child doesn’t matter. But it does! It matters very much! Breastfeeding a child does matter, that is not an attack on those who do not breastfeed, it’s a fact.
To be very honest, and this may come off rude which isn’t my intention at all, but it needs to be said. Fed is not best.
Why I don’t like the Fed is best term
A parent can start feeding their newborn baby cow’s milk or solids and slam back with, but fed is best right? Isn’t that what they always say? My baby is fed and that’s all that matters right? Wrong!
You see in this specific instance; this can cause severe health complications and even death in a baby. So no, fed is not best, what the baby is being fed matters, it matters very much.
Fed is not best. Fed is the bare minimum that you can do for your baby. It’s a basic human right. It’s your responsibility to feed your baby. It’s the law. If you do not feed your baby, you will go to jail for neglect or murder.
Fed is not best, it’s your responsibility. You don’t have a choice.
But that doesn’t mean it’s all wrong though. Because infant formula is a wonderful alternative to breastfeeding for those who can’t or won’t breastfeed. Their babies can still thrive and do well and be loved. Infant formula is sometimes the best option for some families.
Yes, as long as the baby is being fed breastmilk or infant formula, we’re happy. But what is being fed to the baby matters. Parents need all of the information to make the very best choice on what’s best for them. What’s best for one family isn’t always what’s best for another family.
Informed and supported is what’s best
So, which is best? Both, technically.
Breastmilk and breastfeeding are the very best choice for most babies and families. It’s the biological norm, it offers tailored milk, optimal nutrition to each individual child. It offers many health benefits to both to the mother and the baby.
Humans are biologically supposed to breastfeed, just like other mammals. Our own species-specific milk will almost always be the best option for our babies.
Saying this is not shaming, it’s not judging. The truth needs to be spoken. Parents deserve the truth. Breastfeeding is the best choice (in most cases). Infant formula can’t and never will be able to replicate breastmilk and the act of breastfeeding, no matter how hard they try.
Breastfeeding the best choice, but it’s important to remember that it’s not always the best choice for all families. For some, infant formula may really be the best option. As already mentioned, there are many reasons why infant formula might be the best option for some babies and families.
Infant formula is after all, a lifesaving invention. It really is. We can be so very thankful for its invention. It still offers wonderful nutrition to babies who can still thrive, despite not being breastfed.
You know what is truly best?
Being informed and supported. Because only when a family receives all of the information (correct, up to date research), can they truly make a decision on what’s best for their family. After they look at all the pros and cons of both breastfeeding and formula feeding.
Once a family has been informed with bias free, evidence-based information, they need to be supported in whatever choice they make. Even if we don’t agree with their choice, it’s not our choice to make, it’s the mothers choice.
Everyone deserves support. Not a silly term saying breast is best or fed is best. They need information and support.
Breastmilk Vs. Formula information
Breastmilk Composition
Breastmilk is a powerhouse of essential nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fats and other vital components that support a baby’s growth and development. It contains antibodies that are essential to an infant’s immune system, helping to protect against infections and diseases. The unique properties of breastmilk, including live cells and enzymes, aid in the overall well-being of the baby.
Breastmilk is rich in fatty acids, which is crucial for brain development and contains the perfect balance of nutrients tailored specifically for your individual baby’s needs. It adapts dynamically to the changing requirements of a growing infant, ensuring optimal nourishment at every stage.
The presence of growth factors in breastmilk fosters the development of the baby’s gastrointestinal system and contributes to long-term health benefits.
Different hormones play different roles in a child’s development and health. Melatonin for example, a sleep hormone, helping a baby adjust to day and night differences.
Formula Composition
Infant formulas are typically composed of a balance of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals to support a baby’s nutritional needs. The ingredients in formula aim to mimic the nutrients found in breast milk, ensuring that babies receive necessary nutrients for their growth and development.
Standard formula often contains cow’s milk-based ingredients, while specialized organic formulas are available to address specific dietary concerns. These organic formulas are modeled to try and mirror the composition of breast milk as much as possible, while being free from GMOs, pesticides, and hormones.
Parents can choose from a variety of formula options, including liquid and powdered forms, as well as different types based on the baby’s age and dietary requirements. While cow’s milk-based formulas are common, organic and specialty formulas, such as lactose-based formulas and those with added probiotics and prebiotics, provide alternatives to cater to various baby needs.
Breastfeeding Benefits
The benefits of breastfeeding is such a long list and requires an article of its own. But I will provide you with a summary of the benefits that breastfeeding offers.
The benefits for the child
Optimal nutrition
It’s no secret that breastmilk is the best choice for infants as it offers them optimal nutrition and can sustain infants for the first 6 months of life and sometimes even longer than that.
Improved social, physical and cognitive development
A couple of studies have shown a positive relationship between breastfeeding duration and physical, social and cognitive development.
Immunity by means of maternal antibodies
The predominant antibody in breastmilk secretory IgA (SIGA), penetrates the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and promotes integrity of the intestinal barrier and competitively inhibits pathogen binding, thereby preventing inflammatory responses.
Protection against infections and illnesses
Breastfeeding helps protect children against respiratory infections and illnesses, including otitis media (ear infections) and gastrointestinal infections.
Reduced risk of childhood cancer
There is some evidence that breastfeeding may reduce the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.
Reduced risk of childhood obesity
The two ways in which breastfeeding may protect against obesity in the child are through the components/composition of human milk and behaviors related to infant feeding such as being able to pace their own feed and feeding as needed.
Reduced risk of diabetes mellitus
In a meta-analysis of 7 studies, breastfeeding decreased the risk of type 2 diabetes by nearly 40% compared to formula-feeding.
Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, heart disease (high blood pressure) and metabolic disease
Breastfeeding may also decrease the risk of developing type 1 diabetes and high blood pressure later in adulthood. So, there’s not only short-term benefits to breastfeeding, but some of the benefits will also last well into adulthood.
The benefits for the mother
Better sleep
Breastfeeding is associated with changes in the sleep and wake cycles for both the mother and the child.
Studies have shown that breastfed mother gets more sleep and better-quality sleep compared to formula feeding mothers.
Reduced anxiety and postpartum depression
Breastfeeding provides a psychoneuroimmunological benefit to mothers that reduces anxiety.
Studies have shown that breastfeeding directly decreases the symptoms of depression. Early weaning not only eliminates this benefit, but it can even increase the risk of developing depression.
Postpartum weight loss
We all know that breastfeeding burns 300-700 additional calories per day, per child and that pregnancy is associated with long-term weight gain. Breastfeeding on the other hand is associated with postpartum weight loss due to the additional energy needed by the body to produce breastmilk.
Mother-infant bonding
There is evidence of a biologic link between breastfeeding and bonding emerging as breastfeeding mothers had higher brain responses to their own infants’ cry and exhibited more sensitive behavior than formula-feeding mothers.
Protection against Rheumatoid Arthritis
One study found that compared with those who had never breastfed, breastfeeding was associated with half the risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Reduced metabolic risks
Breastfeeding is associated with positive metabolic changes.
Reduces the risk of breast cancer, uterine and ovarian cancers
A decrease in risk for reproductive cancers has been observed among women who have breastfed, possibly reducing their reduced lifetime exposure to hormones such as estrogen.
When Breastfeeding Isn’t the Best Option
There are times and situations where breastfeeding isn’t the best option or even an option at all for some families.
Medical conditions
Some medical conditions in either mother or baby can cause breastfeeding difficulty, or it can even make it impossible. Such cases include anatomical issues of the breast such as severe inverted nipples in the mother or anatomical issues such as a recessed jaw in the baby. It can include disability in either mother or baby, different medical issues, including Galactosemia, or things like cleft palates etc.
Unsafe medication use
Some medications can also be unsafe for breastfeeding mothers and their babies. While many medications are safe or can be exchanged for a safe alternative, some can’t be. Unsafe medications can include things like Chemotherapy for cancer treatment, Lithium, Amiodarone, Antineoplastics, Gold Salts, Immunosuppressants etc.
Past trauma or abuse
A mother who was previously sexually abused may be very much triggered by the act of breastfeeding and of course things like abusive situations in the household can also be a reason why a mother may not be able to breastfeed. It’s important to remember that there is help for cases like this, including reaching out for the right support, leaving the abusive household and counselling.
Low milk supply
Some mothers struggle with low milk supply, and although they can still breastfeed, they may need to supplement with infant formula for some or most of the infant’s nutritional needs.
Personal preference
Some mothers don’t want to breastfeed, they may or may not have a reason for it. Even though we may not agree with her choices, it’s not our choice, it’s her and she has the right to make whatever decision she wants to make.
Formula Benefits
It offers babies the needed nutrition
Whether a mother is feeding her child infant formula because she has to, or because she wants to, infant formula is an acceptable alternative to breastmilk nutritionally speaking. Babies can grow and develop as needed and they can even thrive on formula.
It’s a lifesaving alternative
As mentioned above, sometimes for whatever reason, mothers can’t breastfeed, and their babies will have to be on formula (unless donor milk is an option).
In cases like Galactosemia especially, infant formula is the only option for these families, making it a lifesaving alternative for these families.
Formula can be more convenient
Although one can argue the same thing about breastfeeding, some families may feel like formula is more convenient for them.
Formula-fed babies are not dependent on their mothers like breastfed babies are, anyone can do the preparation and feeding. Even if the mother travels far away for long periods.
Mothers also have the convenience of not having to attend to their babies at night, as they’re able to have someone else feed and care for the baby. They can share the feeding responsibility with their partner or other caregivers.
Formula Cons
Finances
The recurring expense of purchasing of not only infant formula, but also bottle and sterilization equipment can add up over time, affecting the overall household finances. Even more so if the baby has an allergy and specialized infant formulas are necessary.
Time consuming
Preparation time for formula can be cumbersome, requiring careful measurement and mixing. One must also be fully awake to pace feed a baby. This process can be particularly taxing during late-night feedings or when traveling, making it a less convenient option compared to the immediate availability of breastmilk.
Increased risk of health issues
Much emphasis is placed on the immune-boosting properties and health benefits of breastmilk and breastfeeding. Not breastfeeding takes away the protection that breastmilk and breastfeeding offers to both mother and baby.
The possibility of experiencing feelings of shame and guilt
There are societal and cultural pressures surrounding the choice between breastmilk and formula. If one chooses infant formula without knowing all of the information, one may have deep feelings of shame and guilt of not providing the benefits of breastfeeding to your baby.
Ethics and safety concerns of infant formula
Commercially available formulas vary widely in their composition, and there are concerns about the quality and safety of some products. It’s crucial for parents to conduct thorough research and consult with healthcare professionals to choose a formula that aligns with the baby’s nutritional needs and any specific health considerations.
While formula feeding offers convenience and flexibility, it’s important to consider the potential downsides, including cost, time commitment, and the necessity to carefully select the right type of formula to support the baby’s health and development.
Is formula more filling than breastmilk?
Is formula more filling than breastmilk? Or is breastmilk more filling than formula? These are very popular questions, and they come with a lot of misinformation.
Infant formula and breast milk can vary in their effects on a baby’s hunger and fullness. Generally, breast milk is easily digestible and tailored to an infant’s individual needs, so it’s more easily absorbed and used by the body. Formula, on the other hand, is designed to be nutritionally complete but can sometimes be less easily digested, so it takes longer.
Breastfed infants digest breast milk quickly and easily, and their bodies are able to process more of the proteins in it than proteins in formula. Breast milk consists of more whey protein than casein, which is more easily digestible and it’s also the reason that breastfed babies don’t get constipated. Breast milk also contains special enzymes (called lipase and amylase) that help aid in digestion.
Formula has cows’ milk proteins which consists of more casein than whey protein which takes longer to digest, this is also the reason why formula fed babies can struggle with constipation.
The average gastric half-emptying time for meals of human milk in different studies was 48 min, and for meals of infant formula, it was 78 min.
Infant formula will usually take longer to digest than breastmilk, which means formula fed babies may need less feedings, less frequently than breastfed babies. This is not only due to infant formula and proteins in the infant formula, but also because parents often tend to overfeed their babies when bottle feeding, so when a baby is overfull, it will take them even longer to digest all of the milk.
Frequent feeding is normal and healthy, babies take what they need when they need it (feeding on demand, following babies’ hunger cues), Smaller meals more frequently help reduce any discomfort and things like reflux. Frequent waking and frequent feeding are also very important for brain development and to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Remember, sudden frequent waking and feeding are not due to breastmilk suddenly not being enough anymore, sleep patterns change all the time, so does feeding patterns. Growth spurts and cluster feeding is normal and temporary. Formula-fed babies also go through the very same phases as breastfed babies do.
Feeding infant formula to your baby does not guarantee that they’ll feed less frequently or that they’ll sleep for longer stretches during the day and the night. Many formula-fed babies also feed and wake frequently, just like breastfed babies.
So, more filling does not equal more satisfied, and more filling is not what’s most important, what’s most important is what’s most nutritious and most beneficial for the mother and the baby.
Important notes of breastmilk vs infant formula milk
Breastmilk will always be the best choice for most families, when possible, but it’s important to remember that it’s not the best choice for all families.
Breast is best may be true, but it is considered insensitive and rude towards those who can’t breastfeed. Fed is best may be true, but it undermines breastfeeding and its importance.
Informed and supported is best when done respectfully.
If you ever need any evidence-based information or support related to anything breastfeeding, contact an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC).
If you’re ever worried about your or your baby’s health and wellbeing, consult with a medical professional for the best possible support.
Additional information and resources
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations
Gastric emptying in infants fed human milk or infant formula
Breastfeeding and Health Outcomes for the Mother-Infant Dyad
The Psychological Benefits of Breastfeeding: Fostering Maternal Well-Being and Child Development
